> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://harenhausk9.gitbook.io/puppy-kindergarten/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://harenhausk9.gitbook.io/puppy-kindergarten/orientation/learning-theory.md).

# Learning Theory

The abridged version of what we need to understand for the obedience portion of this class are how to link a **bridge** or **marker signal** with rewards to build desirable behaviours; how to manipulate the environment to prevent or replace undesirable behaviours; and how to mix up a stiff drink.

A bridge, or marker signal, snapshots the moment in time at which the puppy has performed the behaviour that is about to be rewarded. A **reward-specific marker** conveys additional information about the specific reward that is about to be offered. The reward marker should be a distinct and consistent sound, such as a clicker or "yes!". The primary rewards convey positive emotions; the marker conveys information, telling the dog exactly what he did to earn those rewards, and in the case of reward-specific markers, what to expect in terms of reward type and delivery.

We are progressive trainers, not permissive ones. When our puppies perform undesirable behaviours, we have a variety of options available, such as actively removing things the puppy likes (e.g. walk away from a puppy who jumps on you) or teaching a new behaviour that the puppy finds more satisfying (cue the puppy to sit for petting, rewarding with attention, treats, and toys).